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If the learner cannot understand and comprehend what is presented to them, it
would be difficult for them to learn. Conversely, if they cannot
communicate with their peers and teachers, how are we to know if any learning
has taken place? A child's mere presence in the classroom cannot be taken
as evidence of learning.
Technology can offer many ways of supporting pupils who have communication
difficulties as a result of having little or no clear speech - but should not be
seen as being the entire answer. AAC can take different forms, ranging
from low-tech aids such as charts and pictures up to powerful electronic
communication aids. In addition, people use a whole range of ways of
supporting communication, such as signing, facial gestures, etc.
Most children who need alternative communication will use a combination of
methods depending on the circumstances.
This is also known as VOCA (Voice Output Communication Aids). These range from single message communicators such as the BIGmack up to powerful dynamic screen computer-based devices.
These are commonly considered to be anything that does not directly use
technology, these include symbol and word based charts, objects, photographs,
writing etc. In many instances technology is used in the preparation of
such materials.
It must be stressed that these methods are not mutually exclusive. They
can be used together or individually as circumstances dictate, and are almost
always supported by gesture, expression, vocalisation etc.
There are many factors that can influence the choice of equipment, for a child or adult and it can be difficult to forecast how well the they will progress, so many schools have found it helpful to have a number of devices to use for a trial period. However, in many cases a choice will have to be made, so it can be useful to start with a needs list before attempting to make a final choice of device. Please go to Download Centre for comprehensive product guides, compiled especially for people who are new to the benefits of AAC. At Inclusive, we offer expert advice on the phone or via e-mail to assist you in this regard, so please feel free to Contact Us.
We are still on the subject of Alternative and Augmentative Communication
Products and the questions were all related to:
Why should a child use a communication board and how does this help?
• The board with appropriate overlays will allow the child to participate in the
classroom. The child is not just an observer he/she is part of the class.
• Communication devices can provide immediate auditory feedback which enhances
learning. Errors are immediately apparent so self-correction skills can be
fostered. For example, when you ask the child to show you ‘is’ and he/she
activates the word ’the’ the child hears instantly that an error has been made.
• The child is able to work and participate more independently which enhances
self-esteem.
• It allows the nonverbal student the opportunity to learn to work with other
children without adult support. This buddy system is particularly valuable for
the nonverbal student because he/she may have difficulty interacting with other
children. Friendships are more likely to develop.
• Social and academic skills, including communication skills, can be encouraged
in a natural classroom setting. The nonverbal student is more likely to learn
the different uses of language or communication, such as to comment, tease,
direct actions etc. Language can do more than just make requests.
• When verbal students are encouraged to use these communication boards as
teaching aids, the devices become acceptable. As the nonverbal child’s picture
communication system becomes an integral part of the classroom, the special
child does not feel so different. He/she is a participant in the class.
What does this all do for the verbal learner?
• When verbal students use an augmentative communication device as part of their
regular lesson, they understand and are more accepting of the special student’s
differences. As we’ve said earlier, friendships between verbal and non-verbal
students are more likely to develop. The whole class flows more smoothly.
• Enhanced learning can occur from the immediate auditory feedback and visual
presentation that a communication device or board can provide.
• Communication devices designed to teach academics promote self-correction
skills that are of benefit to any student.
Helping another student in the classroom can enhance any student’s self-esteem.
Many times children with behaviour problems soften when another child depends on
them for help.
The following will be particularly helpful to the teachers
RULE 1
IT IS BETTER TO USE ONE AUGMENTATIVE COMMUNICATION ACTIVITY AND DO IT WELL THAN
TO SET YOUR WHOLE CLASS UP WITH PICTURES BUT USE THEM SPORADICALLY SUPPORTING
SCHOOL WORK WITH BOARDMAKER
Teaching children how to use Communication Boards
• When starting to use pictures, be aware that you must take a few minutes to
teach them to the student who is just beginning to use picture communication.
• You must teach them to learn how language works. The child will not know
what’s going to happen when they touch or point to a picture. The child will not
know the value of language or that language can cause a reaction.
• When you decide to use pictures to help a child in your class communicate,
remember that you must be consistent in responding to those pictures.
• Sometimes a child will continually point or press a device to get a reaction.
To simple take the board away does not teach self control or social
appropriateness. Respond to their efforts just as you would any student creating
a fuss in the classroom. This is part of teaching communication skills.
• Remember, that just as any child has to be taught when and where it is
appropriate to say certain things, the child using a communication board or
device must be taught this also.
Vocabulary is the very essence of the communication system.
• A mechanical communication device may be wonderful, but this board will only
be effective if it is programmed with the right vocabulary. One reason child
lose interest in a communication board is, because it does not meet their needs.
If there are more messages the child wants to say that are not on the board than
he may become frustrated and resist using the device. This is why vocabulary is
extremely important.
• Every child wants to say what the other children are saying so include words
like “yeeish” or “serious” or “Howzit” on the boards.
• For Picture communication system to work you must be able to predict the
messages needed and make sure you provide them to the special student. In a
classroom environment that is chaotic, unplanned or free flowing it is difficult
to predict what messages will be needed and it would be an unending job meeting
the demands of ongoing changes. Children using communication systems do much
better n classrooms that are orderly and predictable with set classroom
routines.
Attitude is Everything
THE CHILD’S COMMUNICATION SYSTEM SHOULD GO BEYOND THE COMMUNICATION DEVICE AND
ALSO INCLUDE LOOSE PICTURES, SIMPLE PICTURE BOARDS OR BOOKS AND EVEN SIGN
LANGUAGE AND GESTURES.
THE ALPHABET OVERLAY for spelling
This board can be used to practice spelling words throughout the school year.
THE CALCULATOR OVERLAY for math
THE ART OVERLAY for art projects
THE LUNCH OVERLAY to help with food needs as well as to provide social
interactions
CHOICE BOARDS for picking recurring activities that go on all year.
THE GENERIC CLASSROOM OVERLAYS have two purposes. The first is to encourage
interaction with the teacher and the second is to encourage classroom
participation
SOCIAL OVERLAYS designed specifically for use in any social situation. All
worksheets can be customized and structured to help a nonverbal child
communicate and participate in the classroom. One could use a board with Velcro
stickers or just point or draw or a speech output device to communicate answers.
As per the requests this article was in reply to questions received from
teachers. However, boards similar to these can be used for adults as well.